Representation theory

Tim O'Sullivan- Ideology:

A set of ideas which produce a partial or selective view of reality. Ideologies are seen as beliefs that are widely held which are seen as common sense and become naturalised.

Richard Dyer- Star Theory:

Richard Dyer discussed the theory of ‘stars’ being constructed for media texts, and create their own unique selling points.
Think your Leonardo DiCaprio’s, Brad Pitt’s, George Clooney’s etc. 
Dyer posits that these stars are created and manufactured solely for financial gain, supposedly constructed to represent ‘real people experiencing real emotions’.
People can relate to the stars via their unique selling point, i.e. Lady Gaga appeals to a certain type of person. Thus creating the idea of hegemony (putting yourself in a stars shoes). Media industries use hegemony to promote their products to those groups of people. 

Throughout the years Robert Downey Jr. has amassed in fame through his role as Iron Man and the growth in size and popularity of the MCU between his roles in the earlier MCU films and Endgame his treatment has changed greatly. He is now somewhat the poster boy for the MCU and possibly the most popular recognisable face within the franchise therefore they have decided to put him as the main focus of the posters to try and attract a greater audience as it will make the poster more recognisable to a wider audience.

Levi Strauss - Binary Oppositions:

Ying and Yang, Kirk and Spock, Skywalker and Vader. All examples of characters representing binary oppositions. 

This is representation through contrast, showing two extremes of the same ideals, such as; good and evil, light and dark, men and women.

The theory of binary opposites is that all  narratives have  to   be driven forward by a  conflict that was caused by a series of  opposing forces, e.g. a hero and a villain,  until finally a sort of balance between  them, or a resolution is achieved

Good examples of Binary oppositions would be Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, De Jekyll and Mr Hyde or Batman and the Joker.

Bend It Like Beckham Analysis

 

• What stereotypical representations can you identify?

A stereotypical view seen in this clip is that women can't play football and can't make money from it like men

• What archetypes/stereotypes are there?

The strict Indian family not allowing their daughter to pursue a career in football as they believe that isn't a possibility

How are women objectified?

Her family want her to be obedient and not do what she wants to do.